Digital audio · Binary

Bit depth buckets

Storing each sample with N bits rounds it to one of 2ᴺ amplitude buckets, so every added bit doubles the buckets, halves the rounding error and raises the SNR by about 6 dB, while pitch and timing are untouched.

Builds on Samples per cycle. Taught in Waves & Buckets.

Sweep the bit depth from 1 to 12 while a looping arpeggio plays through a live quantizer: at 12 bits the noise is inaudible, by 4 bits there is a clear hiss, at 1–2 bits the melody is heavily distorted but still in tune. The plot shows the wave snapped to bucket centres and the rounding error left behind; a bypass button removes the quantizer for comparison.

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